The Book Of Negroes By Lawrence Hill And The Color Purple...

Throughout history, many have been oppressed because of their race, religion and gender, resulting them to lose their rights and freedom. Despite the fact that freedom is natural rights of a human being, it has come to a point where the oppressed demands and fights for their freedom because the oppressor does not give freedom willingly. Although human rights have evolved over the years, humans still fail to learn from their mistakes, resulting in history to repeat itself. Through storytelling and novels, people show depictions of history to honour those who have died and to educate younger generations to prevent unfortunate events from occurring again. As a result of this, Lawrence Hill and Alice Walker display oppression through abuse,†¦show more content†¦It is clear that Celie’s father commits several forms of violence against her when she quotes, â€Å"he [Pa] never had a kine word to say to me†¦ First he put his thing up gainst my hip and sort of wiggle it around†¦ When that hurt, I cry. He start to choke me, saying You better shut up and git used to it. But I don’t never get used to it.† (Walker, 1-2). As a results of this, Celie finds herself in situations where she has trouble identifying with her sexual orientation as well as, becoming numb to sex after repeated sexual abuse. Moreover, not only is he physically violent with her by raping her, but later on in the novel, one discovers that he sells Celie’s children away- just like Aminata’s children- causing her to face emotional damage as well. Moreover, Celie’s father does not respect her as a human being, for the fact that he calls her ugly and does not say anything kind to her, but he also forces her to keep quiet about the way he is treating her, thus dehumanizing her. All in all, numerous forms of abuse have severely crippled Aminata and Celie, displaying oppression caused by men in their daily lives. Secondly, structural inequality depic ts oppression through the control of authority in both books. During the time periods of the two books, 1802 in The Book of Negroes and 1910 in The Colour Purple, the unfortunate significance of slavery and racial discrimination was common. In particular, Aminata is abducted by Toubab (white men) and sold into theShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesa soft drink. He dealt with these slights the way he would his entire life: He turned away quietly. But Langston decided that instead of running away from the color line and hating himself for being black, like his father had, he would write about the real-life experiences of black people. He was determined to write stories about Negroes, so true that people in faraway lands would read them. James Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, on February 1, 1902, to Carolina (Carrie) Mercer

Lululemon Swot Essay - 671 Words

SWOT Analysis Company name: Lululemon Athletica Inc. (NASDAQ:LULU; TSX:LLL) Product: Lululemon Athletica produces yoga-inspired athletic apparel for both women and men. Strengths #1. Innovative Design Process Lululemon offers high-quality premium athletic apparel that is designed for performance, comfort, functionality and style. The innovative design process is attributed to a number of factors such as, real-time customer feedback. Lululemon seeks real-time customer feedback on the design and development of new and existing products. By directly integrating the customer into the product development process the design team can understand and directly respond to consumer needs and wants while creating innovative designs that†¦show more content†¦[2] #2. Inadequate Inventory: â€Å"Lululemon’s growth is â€Å"stymied by inadequate inventory of popular items†[3] and sizes which often results in expensive air freighting of product from overseas. #3. Perceived female focus: Lululemon was launched as women’s only athletic apparel company, making it difficult to reeducate consumers that the company also carries men’s apparel†¦. Or #3. Price Point – There are other brands in the marketplace that offer the same product but at lower price point†¦ Or # 3 Perceived as a yoga only brand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. O: Opportunities #1. A growing number of yoga participants in United States and Canada Over the years Lululemon has built significant brand equity among yoga enthusiasts. The number of yoga participants in the United States has jumped more than five-fold, from three million in 2000 to 16.5 million in 2005, growth opportunities for the business are excellent.[4] #2. Excess commercial real estate Due to the down turn in the economy there are increasing retail vacancies allowing Lululemon to negotiate favorable leases in Class A properties. #3. TBD T: Threats # 1 Weak economic conditions The current weak and volatile economic conditions, particularly in the United States and Canada, have impacted consumer spending. These week economic conditions will continue to impact consumer spending and purchasing habits for the foreseeable future. Consumers’Show MoreRelatedSwot Analysis For Lululemon Athletica1043 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis for lululemon athletica a. Current Strengths i. The commitment of the employees of lululemon athletica 1. Evidence from case: The employees commit to living a certain type of lifestyles in order to represent the company and the message behind it. (Page C-97) 2. Evidence from case: The employees of lululemon athletica are well rounded about the topics of healthy living, Yoga, and physical ways of staying healthy on a daily basis. This allows for customers to receive advice and recommendationsRead MoreLululemon: SWOT Analysis1561 Words   |  6 PagesLululemon is a marketer of clothing that ostensibly inspired by yoga. The company has carved out a niche for itself in the athletic apparel market by focusing on this type of clothing, marketing primarily to females, and selling at its own-branded stores. The company has enjoyed considerable success of late. Revenues have grown from $147 million in fiscal 2007 (basically calendar 2006) to $711 million in 2011. Net income was $7.67 million in FY2007 and $121.85 million FY2011 (MSN Moneycentral, 2012)Read MoreSwot Analysis Of Lululemon1219 Words   |  5 PagesLululemon was founded in 1998 by Chip Wilson in Vancouver, Canada. This yoga inspired brand started when Mr. Wilson’s studio was yoga by night and design by day and was looking to expand into more of a community feel. His vision was to bring together a place where people could grow healthier more fulling lives both physically and mentally. The first items Lulu made were cater to the yoga practice and specifically women, but has since grown into so much more. The store specializes in men and women’sRead MoreA Swot Analysis Of Lululemon s Market1692 Words   |  7 PagesI. SITUATION ANALYSIS Lululemon is the third leading speciality sports apparel store, behind Nike and Adidas (appendix 1), retailing for women and a small range of men. They have capitalised on the growing trend of fashionable gym and street clothes (Ibisworld, 2016). Their vision is â€Å"Elevating the world from mediocrity to greatness†, through their 350 stores and online store shipping to 80 countries (Lululemon, 2016). A SWOT analysis in appendix 2 reveals the sustainable niche of Lululemon’s marketRead MoreLululemon Athletica Analytic Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesCase Analysis #1 Problem Essay Lululemon Athletica Inc Samuel Ellison Presented for: Professor Kannangara Sunday, March 6th, 2016 BUSI4003 Introduction Lululemon Athletica Inc., founded in 1998 in Vancouver by Chip Wilson, is a company which designs and produces high-end yoga and technical athletic clothing. They have operated primarily in North America and Australia; their initial target customer was an educated woman who lives an active and healthy lifestyle. They opened their firstRead MoreLululemon1323 Words   |  6 PagesLululemon Athletica Lulemon Athletica is an athletic apparel company based out of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The company was founded by Dennis â€Å"Chip† Wilson, in the year 1998. Dennis Wilson had been in the skate, surf, and snowboard business for over 20 years when he took a commercial yoga class that was offered in Vancouver. Wilson found the results to be thrilling. He quickly was immersed in the idea of making his yoga experience the best possible. He believed the clothes that wereRead MoreAnalysis of Lululemon Athletica Inc (LULU)2625 Words   |  11 PagesIndustry Market Analysis Market Needs The first Lululemon store was initially created as a place for people to gather to learn and share ideas about a healthy lifestyle. As the company expanded, Lulu could no longer target every individual walking into the store with knowledge of healthy living. At this point, the company shifted its focus to educating their employees who could positively influence everyone who walked into the stores. The thought and reasoning that went into the first Lulu storeRead MoreCase 1 Mystic Monk Essay785 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿1. How strong are the competitive forces confronting lululemon in the market for performance-based yoga and fitness apparel? Do a five-forces analysis to support your answer. High Supplier Power There are a lot of suppliers available in the market that want to produce for lululemon because of the increased value of the company High Buyer Power Other brands offer the same products Low cost switching because other brands offer these items at a lower price Moderate New Entrants PopularRead MoreCompetitive Forces : Marketing Strategy1287 Words   |  6 PagesCompetitive Forces: Five Forces Analysis The five forces analysis shows that lululemon is confronted by moderate or low competitive forces. 1. Buyer Bargaining Power: This threat is very weak because lululemon sells directly to consumers, who rarely have haggling prices or other terms with sellers. Lululemon rarely sells wholesale, and when they do it is to support their grassroots marketing strategy to increase brand awareness. Although buyers could switch to a competitive brand, they would notRead MoreThe Global Fitness And Athletic Clothing Stores1637 Words   |  7 Pages I. SITUATION ANALYSIS The global fitness and athletic clothing stores industry generates more than 1.9 billion US dollars per annum (IBISWorld, 2015). Lululemon Athletica provides high quality apparel for the ever-growing global health conscious population (WHO | World Health Statistics 2015, 2016). A SWOT analysis (Appendix 1) illustrates potential and weakness of this hugely successful brand. Furthermore, environmental factors can play a role in the company s operations. Macro Environmental

Frederick Douglass African American Freedom Struggle

Frederick Douglass became a vital figure for the African American freedom struggle during the 1860’s with the help of the abolitionist movement. Before becoming a famous spokesman Douglass was just like every other African American slave, attempting to find a way to freedom. Douglass’ runaway slave status quickly changed when abolitionist bought his freedom in hopes to strengthen the abolitionist movement. Since abolitionists were able to recognize Douglass’ intellectual abilities it made him a key aspect towards the success in the abolitionist movement, African American community, and the Civil War. Before becoming a great leader for the African American freedom struggle, Douglass went through plenty of his own struggles while searching for freedom for example, after getting to the free states he attempts to find work but quickly â€Å"finds that racism will rear it’s ugly head and there are white laborers who will not work alongside of a blacks ship cocker† (Frederick Douglass-From Slave to Abolitionists 14:50). This motivates Douglass to become politically aware of what is going on around him. He invested a lot of time into educating himself on what was occurring in the United States before he addressed the public in regards to African Americans right to freedom leading him to the abolitionist movement. The abolitionist movement gave Douglass the opportunity to speak and become something of himself. As â€Å"the public have itching ears to hear a colored man speak andShow MoreRelatedSlavery within the Eyes of Frederick Douglass Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesey es of a former slave Frederick Douglass. Through his experience of being grown into slavery in the south made him re-evaluate his life knowing he was worth more than being treated as someone else’s property. Not only was Douglass a part of the plantation system, city life, and brutal whipping but he was put into history as a great role model defining the true meaning of life. All people today should show respect to African Americans due to their struggle in reaching freedom and coming across difficultyRead MoreFrederick Douglass Research Paper1165 Words   |  5 PagesUnit VII: Frederick Douglass Relevance in the 21st Century Born into a life of slavery, Frederick Douglass overcame a boatload of obstacles in his very accomplished life. While a slave he was able to learn how to read and write, which was the most significant accomplishment in his life. This was significant, not only because it was forbidden for a slave to read due to the slaveholders wanting to keep them ignorant to preserve slavery, but because it was the starting point for Frederick to think moreRead MoreSlaves Narratives: Frederick Douglass, Olaudah Equiano Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesSojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, and Olaudah Equiano all have extremely interesting slave narratives. During their lives, they faced plenty of racist discrimination and troubling moments. They were all forced into slavery at an awfully young age and they all had to fight for their freedom. In 1797, Truth was born into slavery in New York with the name of Isabella Van Wagener. She was a slave for most of her life and eventually got emancipated. Tru th was an immense women’s suffrage activist. SheRead MoreSlave Experience1291 Words   |  6 PagesExamination Of The Slave Experience Examination of the Slave Experience Most African Americans of the early to mid-nineteenth century experienced slavery on plantations similar to the experiences described by Frederick Douglass; the majority of slaves lived on units owned by planters who had twenty or more slaves. The planters and the white masters of these agrarian communities sought to ensure their personal safety and the profitability of their enterprises by using all the tactics-physical andRead MoreAmerican Culture During The Mid 19th Century996 Words   |  4 PagesThoreau and Douglass have both identified urgent problems within American culture during the mid 19th century. Thoreau feels the empathy of farmers as they are chained or enslaved to their own farms just as much as prisoners are chained in jails. He believes that the 4 necessities needed in American society is food, shelter, clothing, and fuel because nature provides all of these. That any luxury would be a hindrance to an individual’s lifestyl e as it correlates to the American culture that lacksRead MoreFrederick Douglass And The Fight For Women s Suffrage1357 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass was a major black-male voice in the fight for women’s suffrage. Douglass unlike many men believed that women too were people and deserved all of the rights a man was given. He believed this because black men were previously apart from the equality of all men, and they too should be apart in gaining this equality for all. Douglass, along with other strong willed women, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Sojourner Truth, among others, they became the forefrontRead MoreFrederick Douglass And The Abolitionist Movement1337 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass’s Contributions to the Abolitionist Movement Throughout the nineteenth century there was a movement that swept the upper south. This movement was the abolitionist movement which made an effort to emancipate all slaves and stop racial segregation along with discrimination. This movement led to many renowned historical figures contributing through speeches and writings with the goal of seeking an end to slavery. One of these individuals was Frederick Douglass who escaped slaveryRead MoreFrederick Douglass Should Be Considered A Maryland State1471 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass should be considered a Maryland State Author despite the deplorable societal conditions that constrained lives of African-Americans. Frederick Douglass managed to rise above them, and ascended from the society’s lowest conditions of slavery and racism, to become an important, and a strong proponent of change in the ancient American society. Because of his enthusiasm to work towards achieving change for himself and for society, he has recei ved tribute of admiration from variousRead MoreFrederick Douglass Vs. Harriet Jacobs987 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass v. Harriet Jacobs â€Å"We are not Americans; we are Africans who happen to be in America. We were kidnapped and brought here against out will from Africa. We did not land on Plymouth rock--that rock landed on us (â€Å"Malcolm X†).† Slavery began when Americans brought Africans to Virginia in 1619 to complete any field work that plantation owners did not want to do themselves (History.com Staff). Slavery lasted in America for 246 years and even after, African Americans were still treatedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Strategies in Frederick Douglass’s â€Å"Learning to Read† Published in 1845, Frederick Douglass’s autobiography, â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave†, is a historical account of his life that told of the challenges and obstacles that plagued the lives of slaves in pursuing freedom from injustice and persecution from white wealthy slaveowners. In particular, an excerpt titled â€Å"Learning to Read† shines a light on the tragic reality African Americans lived in every day during

Auditing Assurance & Services

Question: Discuss about theAuditing Assurance Services. Answer: Introduction Auditing and assurance services are important for the contemporary business organization as it plays vital role in providing guarantee about the accounting and financial activities and for this reason it plays significant role in improving the reputation of the business organization. The main role of an auditing firm is to verify the financial statements of the business organization with its actual data or information and then the firm provide certificate to the business firm about their business and accounting procedures (Arens, 2010). The auditing is performed by a legal person, who must not have any personal benefit from the firm, where the auditing supposed to be performed means the auditor must be a neutral person. Moreover, the auditors must look after the benefits of the entire stakeholder of the company and should not be bias to any of the stakeholders (Ruhnke Lubitzsch, 2010). Auditing is important as it detects the drawbacks of the business firm and its accounting system. Therefore, it helps in improving the business activities of the business organization. After finishing the auditing the auditors use to provide a document to the concerned company, which is called audit report and the value of the audit report is immense as it improve the trustworthy of the company ("A Forum on CSR and Assurance Services", 2015). The financial audit of a firm must check the fulfillment of the financial statement with the reality. Alternatively the financial auditors examine the financial statement of the concerned firm in order to check its compliance with the auditing standards. Main Body Analysis The analysis of the case study presents the lehman bankruptcy on September 15th 2008, helps in triggering the global financial crisis. On this day, under the bankruptcy codes of the US, filed for bankruptcy under the rules and henceforth allowing the company to restructure the debts and develop a new structure for creating an appropriate system to be operated in future. The filling of the discriminated set of the events within the company lead to the bankruptcy and thereby it also provides the fulfilling criterias for the global financial crisis. The contribution factor also helps in the creation of excessive liquidity within the market by the global financial crisis and thereby it also indicates the awareness of the fact that allows the mitigation of the excessive liquidity (Horngren, 2013). The global economies are seemed to be aware of the fact with the creation of high interest and thereby the crisis helps in affecting the major economies of Asia. The considerations are made with indicating the factors for the assessment of the risk factors and thereby the failure ensures the crisis with the influx in the international market. The bubbles are primarily caused and thereby it represents the remedial actions that are affects the countries directly (Whittington Pany, 2001). The world was dealing with the security issues regarding the primary holders of the debt instruments and thereby the wealth seems to be securitized in the case with considering the development of the debt instruments. Low interest rates leads to the excessive influx of the investments that helps in regulating the opportunities for the alternative markets. It thereby also helps in considering the sensitive market with the creation of capital movements and thereby the situation is seemed to be volatile in nature. Henceforth the increment of the market leads to the regulation with the creation of the safety measures which seemed to be frenzy and thereby the regulation and the stability measures are created with the alteration of the markets. It thereby creates panic situation in the market and thereby the national government decisions are taken with the creation of belief for the economic variance with the creation of government spending. The use of the frameworks helps in depicting the values that are related to the consumption rate with providing the income and the expenditure rates (Subramaniam Carey, 2011). The contradiction of the arguments is provided with the creation of models for the increm ent of the government taxes and it also seems to be related to the increment of the amount of the income. The above depicts the 1st problem which is being faced by the Lehman and henceforth the solutions are depicted in the above part. The second problem depicts the modern economic thinking and thereby the services provided by Lehman creation the position of bankruptcy for the company. This enables the organization to create the affects in regards to the factors implemented. The organization seems to be going beyond the factors of the equilibrium and thereby the achievement of the divergent goals is mis leaded. The assumptions of the uniformity help in making a imbalance situation for the company and thereby the company is seems to be going to the zero or the negative position. The third fundamental problem that is analyzed in this case depicts the decision making process regarding the economics which represents the replacement of the fiat money by the commodity money (Seetharaman, Sun, Wang, 2011). This created a backing measurement for the organization Lehman and thereby the measurement of the policies with the values is seems to be mis-leaded with the valuations. Apart from these problems the financial policies that are adopted by the company are not appropriately followed and thereby the bankruptcy situation is created for the company. Research The case study depicts the bankruptcy of the accounting firm for the accounting firm of Ernst Young LLP that will pay $10 million for the New York settlement and thereby wrong judgments provided by Ernst Young LLP lead the company to the situation of Bankruptcy. It thereby indicates the problems of the accounting process that are which depicts a sought of massive accounting fraud (Raczkowski and Schneider, 2013). The research depicts that the Lehman Brothers Ltd had to face the penalty for the fraud made in their accounting system of the company and thereby the penalty represents the repayment of about $150 million with the creation of the damages and the investors damages with the equitable relief. It also helps in creating the enhancement of the equitable relief and thereby the settlement leads to the enforcement of the actions in this case which leads to the enforcement of the accounting laws against the Lehman Brothers Ltd (Weil, 2009). The considerations regarding the case dep icts the collapse of the organization due to the fraudulency made by the firm and thereby the law enforcement also helps in considering the reports of the case that represents the actions for the case. With the consideration of the auditors report the provision of the cover report for the clients are necessary in order to prevent the harm for the company. But with the breakdown of the organization, a huge amount of harm is made to public as well as the investors and there the down fall of the economy of the country takes place in the year 2008 (Cohen Simnett, 2015). The case also represents the last lawsuit for the company Ernst Young LLP for making inappropriate accounting and the auditing process for the company Lehman Brothers Ltd. According to the legal consideration the firm made the wrong report for the Lehman Brothers Ltd. The transactions that are made with the consideration of the account helps in the depicting the Lehman Brothers Ltd bankruptcy case and thereby the triggering of the global finance is taking place with the consideration of the transactions (Whittington, 2007). The complaint was alleged against the company before seven years of bankruptcy but the bank made transactions which seems to be known as the Repo 105s which represents the short term financing system. The agreement was made by the attorney and last month the settlement is made by creating the bankruptcy mitigation issues in the accounting firm with following the auditing and assurance policies. Therefore the company is seems to be eligible for the case and thereb y the penalty created by the attorney is followed by both the companies and thereby for the repay of the situation, liquidation plan was slated for the repayment from the creditors. The case study represents the enhancement of the dark poll platform with the creation of high speed trading for gaining the initial position. Recommendation The auditors should perform their duties and responsibilities faithfully. There are several efficient tools, techniques of auditing that help the auditors to perform their duties more efficiently, and effectively, which should be efficiently used by the auditors to perform better auditing duties for the concerned firms. The auditors as well as the auditors firms should not be bribed by anybody and the process of auditing should not be influenced by anybody (Arens, Elder, Beasley, 2006). The auditing should be for the entire stakeholders of the company and it should be beneficial to the entire stakeholders of the company. It should not be benefited to the limited stakeholders. The responsibility of the auditors is to design, apply as well as maintain the internal controls of a company, so that the material misstatements can be prevented, which use to be occurred due to error or due to fraudulent activities (Leung, 2011). The auditors should select as well as apply the accounting poli cies and principles according to the regulation of the country as per the nature of the business activities performed by the business firm (Gill, 2001). The financial statement of the company use to be prepared by the accounting manager or financial manager of the company and the auditors duty is to verify the information and data from the financial statement and check compliance with actual data and then prepare audit report for the company. The auditors mainly provide their opinion about the financial statements, which they verify during the auditing process. The auditors have to use all the auditing tools and techniques in order to perform auditing as per the needs and the nature of the concerned firm, in which the auditing is performing (Imoniana Perera, 2016). The auditors must be faithful and honest as in their performance there are many individuals and entities and depended and the future of the stakeholders of the company largely on the hand of the auditors. As the sharehol ders and investors and other stakeholders of the company use to take their important decisions on the basis of the audit reports of the company, especially the important investment decisions are hugely influenced by the auditors report, thus the auditors must acknowledge these fact and try to be faithful to their profession and perform the duties faithfully and efficiently so that the users of the auditing report get benefit from the report (Knechel, 2007). Conclusion In order to perform an auditing responsibility of the firms an auditor must verify the accounting data and it is most important to the auditors to determine that whether the data are recorded accurately and the data reflect the economic incidents on actual basis, which occurred throughout the accounting year (Louwers, 2005). Therefore, in this background of an auditing performance of the financial statements the common rules are usually accepted the accounting principle in the maximum number of cases. In addition to that, the auditors must have sound understanding of accounting and must have the experiences in the gathering as well as interpretation of the evidence collected in an auditing procedure. The economic relationship among the auditors and the clients is subject to applicable business law for the auditing contract (Messier, 2000). The auditors plays important role in providing assurance to the users of the financial statements of the company or the stakeholders of company by providing important audit report about the company. However, it is observed that in many cases the auditors involve in fraud and approve the misinterpretation from the company in their accounting report in this way the auditors cheat the stakeholders of the company and the user of the financial statement (Reding, 2007). Therefore, it is the responsibility of the auditor and audit firs to be faithful to their duties and responsibilities, provide actual report to the users, and not do any fraud with their profession. References A Forum on CSR and Assurance Services. (2015).AUDITING: A Journal Of Practice Theory,34(1), vii-vii. https://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-10454 Arens, A. (2010).Auditing, assurance services and ethics in Australia. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Arens, A., Elder, R., Beasley, M. (2006).Auditing and assurance services. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Cohen, J. Simnett, R. (2015). CSR and Assurance Services: A Research Agenda.Auditing: A Journal Of Practice Theory,34(1), 59-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50876 Gill, G. (2001).Modern auditing assurance services. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley Sons. Horngren, C. (2013).Accounting. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Imoniana, J. Perera, L. (2016). The role of IS Auditing in assurance services.Management Control, (1), 17-33. https://dx.doi.org/10.3280/maco2016-001002 Knechel, W. (2007).Auditing. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Leung, P. (2011).Modern auditing assurance services. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley. Louwers, T. (2005).Auditing and assurance services. New York: McGraw-Hill. Messier, W. (2000).Auditing assurance services. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Raczkowski, K. and Schneider, F. (2013).The Economic Security of Business Transactions. Oxford: Chartridge Books Oxford. Reding, K. (2007).Internal auditing. Altomonte Springs, Fla.: Institute of Internal Auditors, Research Foundation. Ruhnke, K. Lubitzsch, K. (2010). Determinants of the Maximum Level of Assurance for Various Assurance Services.International Journal Of Auditing,14(3), 233-255. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-1123.2009.00414.x Seetharaman, A., Sun, Y., Wang, W. (2011). Tax-Related Financial Statement Restatements and Auditor-Provided Tax Services.Journal Of Accounting, Auditing Finance,26(4), 677-698. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x11409146 Subramaniam, N. Carey, P. (2011). Risk management, governance and assurance.Managerial Auditing Journal,26(7). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj.2011.05126gaa.001 Weil, D. (2009).Economic growth. Boston: Pearson Addison Wesley. Whittington, R. Pany, K. (2001).Principles of auditing and other assurance services. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Whittington, R. (2007).Analytical procedures for small business engagements. Lewisville, Tex.: AICPA.